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The evolution of multiple mating: Costs and benefits of polyandry to females and of polygyny to males

机译:多重交配的演变:一夫多妻制对女性和一夫多妻制对男性的成本和收益

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摘要

Polyandry is a paradox: why do females mate multiple times when a single ejaculate often provides enough sperm for lifetime egg production? Gowaty et al. addressed explanations for polyandry in Drosophila pseudoobscura from the perspective of hypotheses based on sex differences in costs of reproduction (CoR). Contrary to CoR, Gowaty et al. showed that (1) a single ejaculate was inadequate for lifetime egg production; (2) polyandry provided fitness benefits to females beyond provision of adequate sperm and (3) fitness benefits of polyandry were not offset by costs. Here, I discuss predictions of the ad hoc hypotheses of CoR and three alternative hypotheses to CoR to facilitate a discussion and further development of a strong inference approach to experiments on the adaptive significance of polyandry for females. Each of the hypotheses makes testable predictions; simultaneous tests of the predictions will provide a strong inference approach to understanding the adaptive significance of multiple mating. I describe a sex-symmetric experiment meant to evaluate variation in fitness among lifelong virgins (V); monogamous females and males with one copulation (MOC); monogamous females and males with multiple copulations (MMC); PAND, polyandrous females; and PGYN, polygynous males. Last, I recommend the study of many different species, while taking care in choice of study species and attention to the assumptions of specific hypotheses. I particularly urge the study of many more Drosophila species both in laboratory and the wild to understand the “nature of flies in nature,” where opportunities and constraints mold evolutionary responses.
机译:一妻多夫制是一个悖论:当一次射精通常为生卵提供足够的精子时,为什么雌性交配多次? Gowaty等。从基于繁殖成本性别差异(CoR)的假设的角度出发,从果蝇假蝇中一妻多夫的解释。与CoR相反,Gowaty等人。表明(1)单次射精不足以终生产卵; (2)一妻多夫为女性提供的健身益处超出了提供足够的精子的能力;(3)一妻多夫的健身益处并未被成本所抵消。在这里,我讨论了CoR特设假设的预测和CoR的三个替代假设,以方便讨论和进一步发展针对一妻多夫制对女性的适应性意义的实验的强推论方法。每个假设都做出可检验的预测。预测的同时测试将为理解多重交配的适应性意义提供强有力的推论方法。我描述了一个性别对称实验,旨在评估终身处女(V)的健康状况变化;一夫一妻制(MOC)的一夫一妻制女性和男性;一夫一妻制,有多个交配的男性(MMC);潘多夫雌性;和PGYN,多雌雄性。最后,我建议对许多不同物种进行研究,同时注意选择研究物种并注意特定假设的假设。我特别敦促在实验室和野外对更多果蝇物种进行研究,以了解“自然界中苍蝇的性质”,在那里机会和限制会影响进化反应。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gowaty, Patricia Adair;

  • 作者单位
  • 年度 2012
  • 总页数
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 {"code":"en","name":"English","id":9}
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